CTET

Welcome to CTET. We will study Programme Reader 02 — Core Concepts & Vocabulary, work through an example, and practise using the course's learning material. Preparation for CTET-style teaching recruitment examinations with focus on pedagogy, child development and exam strategy. Sign in and use the study header to open your authorised course. Select this published lesson. Start Course Tutor with Auto audio on: it teaches continuously, answers a typed question, then resumes. Begin with Piaget, because his vocabulary underpins half the pedagogy paper. A schema is a mental structure, a pattern of understanding the child has built so far. A toddler who calls every four-legged animal a dog has a schema for dog. A class four teacher pours water from a wide bowl into a tall thin jar and asks Meena whether there is now more water. Meena says yes, because it is higher. Name the ideas and decide what to do. The idea is conservation of quantity, and Meena's failure of it places her reasoning in the pre-operational pattern, driven by centration on height and by the absence of reversibility. The weak response is to tell her the amount is the same; she will repeat the words and keep the belief. The strong response is to let her pour it back herself, several times, with different containers, so that experience disturbs the schema and accommodation can occur. If she is close to making the shift, a question such as what would happen if we poured it back sits squarely in her zone of proximal development, and the question itself is the scaffold. Notice that her answer was not stupidity. It was a faithful report of her current thinking, which is exactly what a teacher needs to know. Which mistake would change the reasoning in this example? Candidates confuse negative reinforcement with punishment; negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant in order to strengthen a behaviour. They treat the zone of proximal development as a description of difficulty rather than of the gap between unaided and assisted performance. Ask Course Tutor: please explain this step from the example. The weak response is to tell her the amount is the same; she will repeat the words and keep the belief. Why does it follow? Add what you tried, so the explanation addresses your difficulty. Now try the source practice. A teacher removes a pupil's extra homework once she starts submitting work on time, and punctual submission continues. What is this? Pause before the answer. The source answer is: Negative reinforcement, because removing an unpleasant stimulus has strengthened the desired behaviour. Compare your reasoning as well as the result. If your response differs, return to the worked example and identify the step that needs correction. Explain the key idea in your own words, revisit any mistaken step, then continue to the next lesson. Use Stop to end Course Tutor when you finish.